scholarly journals The Role of Increased Sea Surface Temperature on Eelgrass Leaf Dynamics: Onset of El Niño as a Proxy for Global Climate Change in San Quintín Bay, Baja California

2006 ◽  
Vol 105 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héctor A. Echavarria-Heras ◽  
Elena Solana-Arellano ◽  
Ernesto Franco-Vizcaíno
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Baja California ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Leaf Dynamics

scholarly journals A new merge of global surface temperature datasets since the start of the 20th century

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1629-1643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yun ◽  
Boyin Huang ◽  
Jiayi Cheng ◽  
Wenhui Xu ◽  
Shaobo Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Global Surface Temperature ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Global Surface

Abstract. Global surface temperature (ST) datasets are the foundation for global climate change research. Several global ST datasets have been developed by different groups in NOAA NCEI, NASA GISS, UK Met Office Hadley Centre & UEA CRU, and Berkeley Earth. In this study, a new global ST dataset named China Merged Surface Temperature (CMST) was presented. CMST is created by merging the China-Land Surface Air Temperature (C-LSAT1.3) with sea surface temperature (SST) data from the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 5 (ERSSTv5). The merge of C-LSAT and ERSSTv5 shows a high spatial coverage extended to the high latitudes and is more consistent with a reference of multi-dataset averages in the polar regions. Comparisons indicated that CMST is consistent with other existing global ST datasets in interannual and decadal variations and long-term trends at global, hemispheric, and regional scales from 1900 to 2017. The CMST dataset can be used for global climate change assessment, monitoring, and detection. The CMST dataset presented here is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.901295 (Li, 2019a) and has been published on the Climate Explorer website of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) at http://climexp.knmi.nl/select.cgi?id=someone@somewhere&field=cmst (last access: 11 August 2018; Li, 2019b, c).

scholarly journals A new merge of global surface temperature datasets since the start of the 20th Century

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yun ◽  
Boyin Huang ◽  
Jiayi Cheng ◽  
Wenhui Xu ◽  
Shaobo Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Climate Change Research ◽  
Global Surface Temperature ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Global Surface

Abstract. Global surface temperature (ST) datasets are the foundation for global climate change research. There are several global ST datasets developed by different groups in NOAA/NCEI，NASA/GISS and UKMO Hadley Centre & UEA/CRU. This study presents a new global ST dataset, the China Merged Surface Temperature (CMST) dataset. CMST is created by merging the China-Land Surface Air Temperature (C-LSAT1.3) with the sea surface temperature (SST) data from the Extended Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature version 5 (ERSSTv5). The merge of C-LSAT and ERSSTv5 shows a high spatial coverage extended to the high latitudes and is more consistent with a reference of multi-datasets average in Polar Regions. Comparisons indicate that CMST is consistent with other existing global ST datasets in interannual-decadal variations and long-term trends at global, hemispheric, and regional scales from 1900 to 2017. Therefore CMST dataset can be used for global climate change assessment, monitoring, and detection. CMST dataset presented in this article is publicly available at: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.901295 (Yun et al., 2019) and has been published on the Climate Explorer website of the Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (KNMI) at: http://climexp.knmi.nl/select.cgi?id=someone@somewhere&field=cmst.

scholarly journals The role of local sea surface temperature pattern changes in shaping climate change in the North Atlantic sector

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 417-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralf Hand ◽  
Noel S. Keenlyside ◽  
Nour-Eddine Omrani ◽  
Jürgen Bader ◽  
Richard J. Greatbatch
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Atlantic Sector ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Atlantic

scholarly journals Amazon Basin climate under global warming: the role of the sea surface temperature

2008 ◽  
Vol 363 (1498) ◽  
pp. 1753-1759 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phil P Harris ◽  
Chris Huntingford ◽  
Peter M Cox
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Carbon Cycle Model

The Hadley Centre coupled climate–carbon cycle model (HadCM3LC) predicts loss of the Amazon rainforest in response to future anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. In this study, the atmospheric component of HadCM3LC is used to assess the role of simulated changes in mid-twenty-first century sea surface temperature (SST) in Amazon Basin climate change. When the full HadCM3LC SST anomalies (SSTAs) are used, the atmosphere model reproduces the Amazon Basin climate change exhibited by HadCM3LC, including much of the reduction in Amazon Basin rainfall. This rainfall change is shown to be the combined effect of SSTAs in both the tropical Atlantic and the Pacific, with roughly equal contributions from each basin. The greatest rainfall reduction occurs from May to October, outside of the mature South American monsoon (SAM) season. This dry season response is the combined effect of a more rapid warming of the tropical North Atlantic relative to the south, and warm SSTAs in the tropical east Pacific. Conversely, a weak enhancement of mature SAM season rainfall in response to Atlantic SST change is suppressed by the atmospheric response to Pacific SST. This net wet season response is sufficient to prevent dry season soil moisture deficits from being recharged through the SAM season, leading to a perennial soil moisture reduction and an associated 30% reduction in annual Amazon Basin net primary productivity (NPP). A further 23% NPP reduction occurs in response to a 3.5°C warmer air temperature associated with a global mean SST warming.

scholarly journals Downscaling the climate change for oceans around Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177-1194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Chamberlain ◽  
C. Sun ◽  
R. J. Matear ◽  
M. Feng ◽  
S. J. Phipps
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Spatial Differences

Abstract. At present, global climate models used to project changes in climate poorly resolve mesoscale ocean features such as boundary currents and eddies. These missing features may be important to realistically project the marine impacts of climate change. Here we present a framework for dynamically downscaling coarse climate change projections utilising a near-global ocean model that resolves these features in the Australasian region, with coarser resolution elsewhere. A time-slice projection for a 2060s ocean was obtained by adding climate change anomalies to initial conditions and surface fluxes of a near-global eddy-resolving ocean model. Climate change anomalies are derived from the differences between present and projected climates from a coarse global climate model. These anomalies are added to observed fields, thereby reducing the effect of model bias from the climate model. The downscaling model used here is ocean-only and does not include the effects that changes in the ocean state will have on the atmosphere and air–sea fluxes. We use restoring of the sea surface temperature and salinity to approximate real-ocean feedback on heat flux and to keep the salinity stable. Extra experiments with different feedback parameterisations are run to test the sensitivity of the projection. Consistent spatial differences emerge in sea surface temperature, salinity, stratification and transport between the downscaled projections and those of the climate model. Also, the spatial differences become established rapidly (< 3 yr), indicating the importance of mesoscale resolution. However, the differences in the magnitude of the difference between experiments show that feedback of the ocean onto the air–sea fluxes is still important in determining the state of the ocean in these projections. Until such a time when it is feasible to regularly run a global climate model with eddy resolution, our framework for ocean climate change downscaling provides an attractive way to explore the response of mesoscale ocean features with climate change and their effect on the broader ocean.

scholarly journals Last Millennium Drought-inducing Teleconnections of the West Pacific Gradient during ENSO

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jens Zinke ◽  
Stuart A. Browning ◽  
Andrew Hoell ◽  
Ian D. Goodwin
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Walker Circulation ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Last Millennium ◽  
The West ◽  
West Pacific

Abstract Conflicting evidence points to either a strengthening or weakening Walker Circulation over the 20th century based on changes in sea surface temperature and sea level pressure gradients between the western and eastern Pacific. Since small changes in Pacific temperature gradients connected with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) are related to global climate anomalies, it is of paramount importance to develop robust indices of their past behaviour. Here, we reconstruct the difference in sea surface temperature between the west and central Pacific during ENSO based on the Last Millennium Paleo Hydrodynamics Data Assimilation since 1000 AD. We demonstrate that the strength of the West Pacific Gradient (WPG) is related to stronger atmospheric circulation and remote precipitation anomalies during both historical El Niño and La Niña events and societally relevant drought teleconnections. A strong negative WPG coupled with a strong zonal Pacific temperature gradient is associated with enhanced megadroughts between 1400 AD and the late 16th century. The 20th century stands out as the period with most extreme swings between positive and negative WPG conditions. We conclude that the WPG serves as a powerful index of Pacific Walker Circulation variability and their associated global climate teleconnections.

scholarly journals A Process-Oriented Approach to Identify Evolutions of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies with a Time-Series of a Raster Dataset

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 500
Author(s):  
Lianwei Li ◽  
Yangfeng Xu ◽  
Cunjin Xue ◽  
Yuxuan Fu ◽  
Yuanyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Temperature Anomalies ◽  
Global Climate Changes ◽  
Space And Time ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies

It is important to consider where, when, and how the evolution of sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTA) plays significant roles in regional or global climate changes. In the comparison of where and when, there is a great challenge in clearly describing how SSTA evolves in space and time. In light of the evolution from generation, through development, and to the dissipation of SSTA, this paper proposes a novel approach to identifying an evolution of SSTA in space and time from a time-series of a raster dataset. This method, called PoAIES, includes three key steps. Firstly, a cluster-based method is enhanced to explore spatiotemporal clusters of SSTA, and each cluster of SSTA at a time snapshot is taken as a snapshot object of SSTA. Secondly, the spatiotemporal topologies of snapshot objects of SSTA at successive time snapshots are used to link snapshot objects of SSTA into an evolution object of SSTA, which is called a process object. Here, a linking threshold is automatically determined according to the overlapped areas of the snapshot objects, and only those snapshot objects that meet the specified linking threshold are linked together into a process object. Thirdly, we use a graph-based model to represent a process object of SSTA. A node represents a snapshot object of SSTA, and an edge represents an evolution between two snapshot objects. Using a number of child nodes from an edge’s parent node and a number of parent nodes from the edge’s child node, a type of edge (an evolution relationship) is identified, which shows its development, splitting, merging, or splitting/merging. Finally, an experiment on a simulated dataset is used to demonstrate the effectiveness and the advantages of PoAIES, and a real dataset of satellite-SSTA is used to verify the rationality of PoAIES with the help of ENSO’s relevant knowledge, which may provide new references for global change research.

scholarly journals Role of sea surface temperature responses in simulation of the climatic effect of mineral dust aerosol

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 6049-6062 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Yue ◽  
H. Liao ◽  
H. J. Wang ◽  
S. L. Li ◽  
J. P. Tang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Dust Aerosol ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Climatic Effect ◽  
Radiative Effects ◽  
Climate Simulations

Abstract. Mineral dust aerosol can be transported over the nearby oceans and influence the energy balance at the sea surface. The role of dust-induced sea surface temperature (SST) responses in simulations of the climatic effect of dust is examined by using a general circulation model with online simulation of mineral dust and a coupled mixed-layer ocean model. Both the longwave and shortwave radiative effects of mineral dust aerosol are considered in climate simulations. The SST responses are found to be very influential on simulated dust-induced climate change, especially when climate simulations consider the two-way dust-climate coupling to account for the feedbacks. With prescribed SSTs and dust concentrations, we obtain an increase of 0.02 K in the global and annual mean surface air temperature (SAT) in response to dust radiative effects. In contrast, when SSTs are allowed to respond to radiative forcing of dust in the presence of the dust cycle-climate interactions, we obtain a global and annual mean cooling of 0.09 K in SAT by dust. The extra cooling simulated with the SST responses can be attributed to the following two factors: (1) The negative net (shortwave plus longwave) radiative forcing of dust at the surface reduces SST, which decreases latent heat fluxes and upward transport of water vapor, resulting in less warming in the atmosphere; (2) The positive feedback between SST responses and dust cycle. The dust-induced reductions in SST lead to reductions in precipitation (or wet deposition of dust) and hence increase the global burden of small dust particles. These small particles have strong scattering effects, which enhance the dust cooling at the surface and further reduce SSTs.

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